Federal Budget Importance government appropriation authorization

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Abstract*

Introduction*

Background

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Findings*

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Running head: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Federal Budget Isabel Kasabiti DEFM312 FALL 18 American Military University December,22, 2018 1 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 2 The expenditure of the federal government is important for the growth of the economy and accomplishment of the national goals. Over the past century, the rules and procedures that govern the budget-process have changed significantly. The first step in the evolution of the budget-process was creation of the standing committee, Senate Finance Committee, which had jurisdiction over the spending of the government which was in 1816 (Anderson, et al., 2003). This meant that the control of budget was centralized. The executive actions could therefore be influenced by the congress through dictation of the objects of expenditure. This was through appropriations that detailed the specific amounts of expenditure. This led to a need to separate the difference between appropriation and authorization as different processes. In the year 1835, there was a discussion in the House concerning delays in enacting appropriations which led to the formulation of a law that prohibited any appropriations that were not authorized by law. In the year 1865, two new committees were, banking and currency, and appropriations, were established to help with the finance workload (Anderson, et al., 2003). This led to the division of the jurisdiction of the Senate Finance Committee. The Senate dispersed the jurisdictions of appropriations in 1890. This meant that the executive departments would seek financing through the respective committees. This would sometimes lead to duplication of requests. Over the 19th century, the federal government would announce surplus or deficit arising from the previous year’s spending. There was no way of knowing the next year’s expenditure. This led to the creation of instruments for analysis and comparison during budgeting. This allowed for the Congressional Budget Office to provide data of the President’s budget (Anderson, et al., 2003). The house and senate FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 3 committees on budget were created for debating the President’s budget. The committees would then formulate the budget resolutions for each of the houses. The executive and the congress can be seen to have a back and forth relationship where the balance of power between the two branches shifts as per the circumstances. The congress has the power to check the executive as its primary purpose (Wood, 2011). This makes the congress independent. The congress has the power to accept or drop any of the appointments that are made by the executive. The congress also has power over the executive’s money since the congress has to authorize on any money that the executive requests. The executive on the other hand has the power to propose where the executive can from time to time recommend measures on the state of the union as it finds necessary. The executive also has a key role in budgeting by proposing its priorities and how it is going to finance the priorities (Wood, 2011). The executive, through veto threats, can stop any undesirable legislation. This can make the congress accept the input from the executive. The executive has the power of appointment of the cabinet officers, judicial justices, and other officials. The institutional design of the government can therefore be said to create a relationship between the executive and the congress that is self-checking. This is by the separation of powers which makes each of the branches to have just adequate power to conduct its business without abusing its mandate (Wood, 2011). The congress for instance makes the policies while the executive does not have the power to make policies. The institutional design therefore creates a back-and-forth power relationship where the congress and executive have to cooperate. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4 References Anderson, B., Davis, S., Gullo, T. (2003) "The evolution of the federal budget process", Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, Vol. 15 Issue: 2, pp.239-250, https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBAFM-15-02-2003-B004 Wood, D. B. (2011). Congress and the Executive Branch. The Oxford Handbook of the American Congress. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559947.003.0034
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Running Head: FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Federal Budget
Isabel Kasabiti
DEFM312 FALL 18
American Military University
December,22, 2018

1

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

2

OUTLINE
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………… (i)
a. The federal path is unsustainable
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. (ii)
a. Importance of expenditure to the federal government
b. Separating the difference between appropriation and authorization
c. Seeking of finances by the executive government
d. Back and forth relationship between the executive and the congress
Findings …………………………………………………………………………………… (iii)
a. Federal Spending and Revenues Will Need to Grow in Coming Years, Not Shrink
b. The aging of America
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….. (iv)
a. Federal spending and revenue should be high due to the size of the economy in the
coming years
Future research…………………………………………………………………………….. (v)
a. Government reliance on technological advancements
b. Future steps by policy makers and program administrators

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

3

ABSTRACT
The path that federal spending is taking is unsustainable rising disaster for the country. The
runaway spending has led to the rise in the yearly federal budget. The United states budget contains
the president`s message, the budget overviews, and the information containing the president`s
priorities.
INTRODUCTION
The expenditure of the federal government is important for the growth of the...


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